Reproductive Health Matters
Volume 9, Issue 18 , Pages 44-48 , November 2001

Reading between the lines: Direct-to-consumer advertising of genetic testing in the USA

  • Sara Chandros Hull

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence Sara Chandros Hull, Bioethics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA. Fax: 1-301-496-0760.
    • ,
  • Kiran Prasad

References 

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  2. Easton D , Ford D , Bishop D . Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA1 mutation carriers . American Journal of Human Genetics . 1995;56:265–271
  3. Schrag D , et al.   Life expectancy gains from cancer prevention strategies for women with breast cancer and BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations . JAMA . 2000;283:617–624
  4. Frank T . Sequence Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 . Journal of Clinical Oncology . 1998;16:2417 Struewing J , et al.   The risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Ashkenazi Jews . NEJM . 1997;336:1401–1408
  5. Claus E , et al.   The genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer . Cancer . 1996;77:2318–2324
  6. Easton D , et al.   Genetic linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer: results from 214 families . America Journal of Human Genetics . 1993;52:678–701 Narod S , et al.   An evaluation of genetic heterogeneity in 145 breast-ovarian cancer families . American Journal of Human Genetics . 1995;56:254–264
  7. Couch FJ , et al.   BRCA1 Mutations in women attending clinics that evaluate the risk of breast cancer . NEJM . 1997;336:1409–1415
  8. Frank T , et al.   Hereditary susceptibility to breast cancer: significance of age of onset in family history and contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 . Disease Markers . 1999;15:89–92
  9. Brody L , Biesecker B . Breast cancer: the high-risk mutations . Hospital Practice . 1997;59–80
  10. Rosen P , Groshen S , Kinne D . Prognosis in T2NoMo Stage I breast carcinoma: a 20 year follow-up study . Journal of Clinical Oncology . 1991;9:1650–1661 Rosen P , et al.   Contralateral breast carcinoma: an assessment of risk and prognosis in Stage I (T1N0M0) and Stage II (T1N1M0) patients with 20 year follow-up . Surgery . 1989;106:904–910 Whittemore A , Gong G , Intyre J . Prevalence and contribution of BRCA1 mutations in breast cancer and ovarian cancer: results from three US population-based control studies of ovarian cancer . American Journal of Human Genetics . 1997;60:496–504
  11. Haber DA . Breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: tackling a molecular and clinical conundrum . Journal of Clinical Oncology . 1999;17:3367–3369
  12. Verhoog L . Survival and tumor characteristics . Lancet . 1998;351:316–321
  13. Burke W , et al.   Recommendations for follow-up care of individuals with an inherited predisposition to cancer . JAMA . 1997;277:997–1003
  14. In: National Conference of State Legislatures, State Genetic Laws Reference Table . 14 February 2000; http://www.ncsl.org/programs/employ/Genetics/sg-law.htm
  15. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 . 1996; (codified as amended in scattered sections of 18 U.S.C.; 26 U.S.C.; 29 U.S.C.; 42 U.S.C.)
  16. 66 Fed. Reg. 12434 . 26 February 2001;
  17. Lerman C , et al.   Controlled trial of pretest education approaches to enhance informed decisionmaking for BRCA1 gene testing . Journal of the National Cancer Institute . 1997;89:148–157
  18. American Society of Clinical Oncology  , Statement of American Society of Clinical Oncology  . Genetic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility . Journal of Clinical Oncology . 1996:;14:1730–1736
  19. Tanne JH . Direct to consumer drug advertising is billion dollar business in US . BMJ . 1999;319:805
  20. Reeves KN . Direct-to-consumer broadcast advertising: empowering the consumer or manipulating a vulnerable population? . Food Drug Law Journal . 1998;53:661–679 Hollon MF . Direct-toconsumer marketing of prescription drugs: creating consumer demand . JAMA . 1999;281:382–384

PII: S0968-8080(01)90089-8

Reproductive Health Matters
Volume 9, Issue 18 , Pages 44-48 , November 2001

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