Reproductive Health Matters
Volume 14, Issue 28 , Pages 80-88 , November 2006

Where Have All the Condoms Gone in Adolescent Programmes in the Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Marleen Bosmans

      Affiliations

    • Political Scientist, International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
  • ,
  • Marie Noël Cikuru

      Affiliations

    • Service d'Écoute et d'Accompagnement des Femmes Traumatisées, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
  • ,
  • Patricia Claeys

      Affiliations

    • Scientific Coordinator, ICRH, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
  • ,
  • Marleen Temmerman

      Affiliations

    • Director, ICRH, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium

References 

  1. Van Herp M, Parqué V, Rackley E, et al. Mortality, violence and lack of access to health care in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Disasters. 2003;27(2):141–153
  2. WHO. Reproductive Health Indicator Base. At: < www9.who.int/familyhealth/RHR/RHR_NavigateScreen.htm>. Accessed 7 July 2005
  3. WHO. DRC Country Emergency Profile. 09/08/2002. At: < www.who.int/disasters/repo/7942.doc>. Accessed 30 August 2004
  4. Population Reference Bureau Data Finder. At: < www.prb.org/datafind/prjprbdata/wcprbdata6.asp?DW=DR&SL=&SA=1>. Accessed 7 July 2005
  5. Ministère de la santé. Programme national de lutte contre le VIH/sida et les IST (PNLS). At: < www.minisanterdc/leministere/pnls.htm>. Accessed 6 September 2005
  6. UNAIDS/WHO. Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS and Transmitted Infections. 2004 Update. UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance, Geneva, 2004. At: < www.unaids.org>. Accessed 7 July 2005
  7. Mulanga C, Bazepeo SE, Mwamba JK, et al. Political and socioeconomic instability: how does it affect HIV? A case study in the Democratic Republic of Congo. AIDS. 2004;18(5):832–834
  8. World Bank. Transitional support strategy for the DRC. Report No.2775. World Bank, 2004. At: < http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/09/000012009_20050309120753/Rendered/PDF/27751.pdf>. Accessed 7 July 2005
  9. Ministère de la santé. Programme national de santé de la reproduction (PNSR). At: < www.minisanterdc.cd/leministere/pnsr.htm>. Accessed 7 July 2005
  10. Ministère de la santé. Programme national de lutte contre le VIH/sida et les IST (PNLS). At: < www.minisanterdc/leministere/pnls.htm>. Accessed 6 September 2005
  11. JSI Research and Training Institute, Assessment of reproductive health in the DRC. Arlington, USA, 2002.
  12. United Nations. General Comment No.3 (2003). HIV/AIDS and the rights of the child. Thirty-second session 13–31 January 2003. CRC/GC/2003/3. 17 March 2003.
  13. Susheela S, Bankole A, Woog V. Evaluating the need for sex education in developing countries: sexual behaviour, knowledge of preventing sexually transmitted infections/HIV and unplanned pregnancy. Sex Education. 2005;5(4):307–331
  14. OHCHR/UNAIDS. HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. International Guidelines. Second International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. Geneva, 23–25 September 1996. Geneva: United Nations; 1998;
  15. Brennan M, Bilukha O, Bosmans M, et al. Refugee health in Nepal: Joint UNHCR-WHO evaluation of health and health programmes in Bhutanese refugee camps in Nepal. EPAU/2005/04. Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees-Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit; April 2005;
  16. Reproductive Health for Refugees Consortium. Monitoring and Evaluation Tool Kit. Draft for Field Testing. RHR Consortium, February 2003 (CD-rom).
  17. Needs Assessment of Reproductive Health among Refugee Women. Preliminary Report. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Department of Public Health, Catholic University of Louvain (Annex 1).
  18. Bosmans M, Temmerman M. Towards a Comprehensive Approach of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights and Needs of Women Displaced by War and Armed Conflict. A Practical Guide for Programme Officers. De Consulterij – ICRH, Ghent, July 2003.
  19. CESCR. General Comment No. 14 (2000). The right to the highest attainable standard of health. E/C.12/2000/4. Twenty-second session. Geneva, 25 April – 12 May 2000 (Article 21;30).
  20. CESCR. General Comment No. 14 (2000). Op. cit. (Article 35).
  21. CESCR. General Comment 3. The nature of States parties obligations. Fifth session, 1990 (Article 13).
  22. United Nations. General Comment No. 3 (2003). HIV/AIDS and the rights of the child. Thirty-second session 13-31 January 2003. CRC/GC/2003/3. 17 March 2003 (Article 42).

PII: S0968-8080(06)28258-2

doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(06)28258-2

Reproductive Health Matters
Volume 14, Issue 28 , Pages 80-88 , November 2006