Reproductive Health Matters
Volume 17, Issue 34 , Pages 135-145 , November 2009

Responses to criminal prosecutions for HIV transmission among gay men with HIV in England and Wales

  • Catherine Dodds

      Affiliations

    • Senior Research Fellow, Sigma Research, University of Portsmouth, London, UK
    • ,
  • Adam Bourne

      Affiliations

    • Senior Research Associate, Sigma Research, University of Portsmouth, London, UK
    • ,
  • Matthew Weait

      Affiliations

    • Reader in Socio-Legal Studies, School of Law, Birkbeck College, London, UK

References 

  1. Francis AM, Mialon HM. The optimal penalty for sexually transmitting HIV. Emory Law and Economics Research Paper No.08-29. 2008. At: < http://ssrn.com/abstract=1091790>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  2. Spencer JR. Liability for reckless infection: part 1. New Law Journal. 2004;154(7119):384–385
  3. Chalmers J. The criminalisation of HIV transmission. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2002;28:160–163
  4. Tierney TW. Criminalizing the sexual transmission of HIV: an international analysis. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review. 1991-2;15:475–513
  5. Spencer JR. Liability for reckless infection: part 2. New Law Journal. 2004;157(7121):448,471
  6. Burris S, Cameron E, Clayton M. The criminalization of HIV: time for an unambiguous rejection of the use of criminal law to regulate the sexual behaviour of those with and at risk of HIV. Social Science Research Network 2008. At: < http://ssrn.com/abstract=1189501>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  7. Pearshouse R. Legislation contagion: the spread of problematic new HIV laws in Western Africa. HIV/AIDS Policy & Law Review. 2008;12(2-3):5–11At: < www.aidslaw.ca/publications/interfaces/downloadFile.php?ref=1275>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  8. UNAIDS. Criminalisation of HIV transmission: policy brief. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2008;At: < http://data.unaids.org/pub/BaseDocument/2008/20080731_jc1513_policy_criminalization_en.pdf>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  9. Wainberg MA. HIV transmission should be decriminalized: HIV prevention programs depend on it. Retrovirology. 2008;5:108;At: < www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/108>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  10. Weait M. Intimacy and responsibility: the criminalisation of HIV transmission. Abingdon: Routledge-Cavendish; 2007;
  11. Burris SC, Beletsky L, Burleson JA, et al. Do criminal laws influence HIV risk behaviour? an empirical trial. Arizona State Law Journal. 2007;39:467–517At: < http://ssrn.com/abstract=977274>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  12. Anderson J, Chalmers J, Nelson M, et al. HIV transmission, the law and the work of the clinical team: a briefing paper. 2006. At: < www.bhiva.org/files/file1001327.pdf>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  13. Lowbury R, Kinghorn GR. Criminal prosecution for HIV transmission: a threat to public health. BMJ. 2006;333(7570):666–667At: < www.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/333/7570/666?ehom=>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  14. World Health Organization. WHO technical consultation in collaboration with the European AIDS Treatment Group and AIDs Action Europe on the criminalization of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Copenhagen: WHO; 2006;At: < www.euro.who.int/Document/SHA/crimconsultation_latest.pdf>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  15. Dodds C, Weatherburn P, Keogh P, et al. Grevious harm: use of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 for sexual transmission of HIV. London: Sigma Research; 2005;At: < www.sigmaresearch.org.uk/go.php/reports/report2005b>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  16. Elliott R. Criminal Law, Public Health and HIV Transmission: a policy options paper. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2002;At: < http://data.unaids.org/publications/IRC-pub02/JC733-CriminalLaw_en.pdf>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  17. Bray SJ. Criminal prosecutions for HIV exposure: overview and analysis. Working Paper 3(1). New Haven: Yale University Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS; 2003;At: < www.hivlawandpolicy.org/resources/view/218>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  18. Ban K-M. Secretary General's remarks at UN General Assembly HIV/AIDS review. 16 June 2009. At: < www.un.org/apps/sg/sgstats.asp?nid=3929>. Accessed 10 September 2009
  19. Dodds C, Keogh P. Criminal convictions for HIV transmission: people living with HIV respond. International Journal of STD & AIDS. 2006;17(5):315–318
  20. Dodds C, Weatherburn P, Bourne A, et al. Sexually charged: the views of gay and bisexual men on criminal prosecutions for sexual HIV transmission. London: Sigma Research; 2009;At: < www.sigmaresearch.org.uk/go.php/reports/report2009a/>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  21. Power L. Policing transmission: a review of police handling of criminal investigations relating to transmission of HIV in England and Wales, 2005-2008. London: Terrence Higgins Trust; 2009;At: < www.tht.org.uk/informationresources/publications/policyreports/policingtransmission950.pdf>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  22. Crown Prosecution Service. Policy for prosecuting cases involving the intentional or reckless sexual transmission of infection. London: CPS; 2008;At: < www.cps.gov.uk>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  23. Adam BD, Elliott R, Husbands W, et al. Effects of the criminalization of HIV transmission in Cuerrier on men reporting unprotected sex with men. Canadian Journal of Law and Society. 2008;23(1-2):143–159
  24. Klitzman R, Kirshenbaum S, Kittel L, et al. Naming names: perceptions of name-based HIV reporting, partner notification, and criminalization of non-disclosure among persons living with HIV. Sexuality Research & Social Policy. 2004;1(3):38–57
  25. Galletly CL, Dickson-Gomez J. HIV sero-postive status disclosure to prospective sex partners and criminal laws that require it: perspectives of persons living with HIV. International Journal of STI & AIDS. 2009;20:613–618
  26. Galletly CL, DiFranciesco W, Pinkerton SD. HIV-positive persons' awareness and understanding of their state's criminal HIV disclosure law. AIDS & Behaviour. (in press).
  27. Carter M. Prosecution for reckless HIV transmission in England ends with not guilty verdict. London: NAM; 2006;At: < www.aidsmap.com/en/news/9770EEA6-020F-440A-9224-D7BAD7784A69.asp>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  28. Bernard E. Reckless HIV transmission case dismissed due to insufficient evidence. London: NAM; 2008;At: < www.aidsmap.com/en/news/E6CA55A4-C909-4B4E-9916-4A3B30BA6C53.asp>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  29. Offences Against the Person Act 1861, sections 18 and 20.
  30. R v Dica [2004] 2 Cr. App. R. 28.
  31. R v Konzani [2005] 2 Cr. App. R.14.
  32. Bourne A, Dodds C, Keogh P, et al. Relative safety II: risk and unprotected anal intercourse among gay men with diagnosed HIV. London: Sigma Research; 2009;At: < www.sigmaresearch.org.uk/go.php/reports/report2009d/>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  33. HIV man jailed for infecting lovers. BBC News Website. 3 November 2003. At: < http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3236501.stm>. Accessed 31 August 2009
  34. McVeigh K. Warrant out for missing man who passed on HIV. The Times. 27 July 2006. At: < www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article693411.ece>. Accessed 31 August 2009

PII: S0968-8080(09)34475-4

doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(09)34475-4

Reproductive Health Matters
Volume 17, Issue 34 , Pages 135-145 , November 2009

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