Reproductive Health Matters
Volume 18, Issue 35 , Pages 106-110 , May 2010

Labia reduction for non-therapeutic reasons vs. female genital mutilation: contradictions in law and practice in Britain

References 

  1. Lih Mei Liao, Creighton SM. Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: how should healthcare providers respond?. BMJ. 2007;334(26 May):1090–1092
  2. Benadiba L. [Labiaplasty: plastic or cosmetic surgery: indications, techniques, results and complications (French)]. Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique. 2009;13 Feb:E-pub ahead of print. At: < www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19223103?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=13>. Accessed 2 February 2010
  3. Koning M, Zeijlmans IA, Bouman TK. Female attitudes regarding labia minora appearance and reduction, with consideration of media influence. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2009;29(1):65–71At: < www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19233008?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=12>. Abstract accessed 2 February 2010
  4. Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003. <www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2003/ukpga_20030031_en_1>. Accessed 8 February 2010.
  5. Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005. <www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/acts2005/20050008.htm>. Accessed 8 February 2010.
  6. World Health Organization. Female Genital Mutilation. < www.who.int/topics/female_genital_mutilation/en/>. 2007. Accessed 8 February 2010
  7. Department of Health. Advice for patients on cosmetic surgery and non-surgical cosmetic treatments. < www.dh.gov.uk/en/Policyandguidance/Healthandsocialcaretopics/CosmeticSurgery/index.htm>. Posted 25 February 2006. Accessed 16 June 2007
  8. Department of Health. Cosmetic surgery: female genital reshaping (or labia reduction/labiaplasty). At: < www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/CosmeticSurgery/DH_4121545>. Accessed 2 January 2010
  9. BUPA Hospitals. Cosmetic surgery. At: < www.bupahospitals.co.uk/asp/cosmetic/women/body_reshaping/labial_reduction.asp>. Accessed 16 June 2007
  10. Spire. Cosmetic surgery: labia reduction surgery (vaginal re-shaping). At: < www.spirehealthcare.com/Cosmetic-Surgery/Our-Cosmetic-Treatments/A-Z-of-Cosmetic-Treatments/Labial-reduction-surgery/>. Accessed 2 January 2010
  11. BUPA Hospitals. Cosmetic surgery, guide prices. < www.bupahospitals.co.uk/asp/cosmetic/buyers_guide/guide_prices.asp>. Accessed 16 June 2007
  12. Carter H. Nip, tuck, hard sell: don't let ads seduce you, plastic surgeons warn. Guardian (UK). 19 September 2008;
  13. Airbrushed pictures of models ‘are harming children and should carry warning labels’ Daily Mail 25 February 2010.
  14. Conroy R. Female genital mutilation: whose problem, whose solution? [Editorial]. BMJ. 2006;333(15 July):106–107
  15. Latham M. A poor prognosis for autonomy: self-regulated cosmetic surgery in the United Kingdom. Reproductive Health Matters. 2010;18(35):(In press)
  16. Liao L, Michala L, Creighton S. Labial surgery for well women: a review of the literature. BJOG 2010;117(1):20–25. In: BJOG release: Study raises concerns about cosmetic labial surgery. At: <http://www.rcog.org.uk/news/bjog-release-study-raises-concerns-about-cosmetic-labial-surgery>. Accessed 21 April 2010.

PII: S0968-8080(10)35506-6

doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(10)35506-6

Reproductive Health Matters
Volume 18, Issue 35 , Pages 106-110 , May 2010