Modern Swedish fatherhood: The challenges and the opportunities

References 

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9. According to Joan Raphael-Leff (Psychological Process of Childbearing. Chapman and Hall, London 1991) the couvade ritual has been practised throughout the world and was described by Diodorus Siculus in 60 BC. Subject to local variations, it consists of simulation of pregnancy symptoms or childbirth. According to her, much of the ethnological literature has focused on couvade as a particular form of paternal acknowledgement.
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