Male contraceptive knowledge and practice: what do we know?

References 

1. In:  Hawkins K editors. Male participation in family planning: a review of programme approaches in the Africa region . Banjul, Gambia, 25–28 November 1991 . Paper presented at Workshop on Male Participation . London: International Planned Parenthood Federation; 1992;
2. Getting more men involved. Network.13(1).
3. Men and family planning – a global view . CONCERN . 1981;20:1–2
4. Akinkugbe O , et al.   Does the responsibility for family planning rest primarily with women? . Planners' Forum Magazine . 1983;1:12–13
5. Men and fertility regulation . Progress in Human Reproduction Research . 1994;32
6. Men – new focus for family planning programs . Population Reports . November–December 1986;(No 33): Series J
7. Cairo Programme of Action  . In: International Conference on Population and Development . Cairo, Egypt, 5–13 September 1994 . 1994;
8. Mugabe M . Males and Family Planning in Botswana . In: Research Notes No 25 . 1993;

   Review carried out as part of the Botswana Male and Family Planning Survey.
9. Mirza L , et al.   A Study of Male Motivation for Family Planning . Lahore: Family Planning Association of Pakistan; 1980;
10. Piotrow PT , et al.   Changing attitudes and behaviour: the Zimbabwe male motivation project . Studies in Family Planning . 1992;23:365–375
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
11. The State of the World Population . New York: UNFPA; 1995;
12. Meredith P . Male involvement in planned parenthood . In: Global Review and Strategies for Programme Development . London: IPPF; 1989;
13. Mason KO , Taj AM . Differences between women's and men's reproductive goals in developing countries . Population and Development Review . 1987;14:611–638
14. Demographic and Health Surveys Newsletter . 1995;7(1):
15. Blanc A . Determining male fertility through surveys: the DHS experience . In: Paper presented at General Conference . 24 August–1 September . Montreal: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population; 1993;
16. Morris L . Determining male fertility through surveys: young adult reproductive health surveys in Latin America . In: Paper presented at IUSSP Committee on Anthropology and Demography, General Conference . 24 August–1 September . Montreal: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population; 1993;
17. Ezeh AC . The influence of spouses over each other's contraceptive attitudes in Ghana . Studies in Family Planning . 1993;24:163–174
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
18. Khalifa MA . Attitudes of urban Sudanese men toward family planning . Studies in Family Planning . 1988;19:236–243
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
19. Isiugo-Abanihe UC . Reproductive motivation and family-size preferences among Nigerian men . Studies in Family Planning . 1994;2:149–161
20. van de Walle F , Maiga M . Family planning in Bamako, Mali . International Family Planning Perspectives . 1991;17:84–90
    • CrossRef
21. Terefe A , Larson CP . Modern contraception use in Ethiopia: does involving husbands make the difference? . American Journal of Public Health . 1993;83(11):1567
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
22. Mustafa MA , Mumford SD . Male attitudes towards family planning in Khartoum, Sudan . Journal of Biosocial Sciences . 1984;16:437
    • MEDLINE
23. Magnani RJ , et al.   Men, marriage and fatherhood in Kinshasa, Zaire . International Family Planning Perspectives . 1995;21(1):19–26
    • CrossRef
24. Makani B , et al.   Fecondité et Planification Familiale, Kinshasa 1988 . New Orleans: Departement de la Santé Publique, Kinshasa and Tulane University; 1993;
25. Mbizvo MT , Adamchak DJ . Family planning knowledge, attitudes and practices of men in Zimbabwe . Studies in Family Planning . 1991;22(1):31–38
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
26. Gbolahan AO , McCarthy J . Family planning knowledge, attitudes and practices of males in Ilorin, Nigeria . International Family Planning Perspectives . 1991;17(2):50–55
    • CrossRef
27. van de Walle E , Traore B . Attitudes of women and men towards contraception in Bobo-Dioulasso . In: African Demography Working Papers No 13 . Philadephia: Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania; 1986;
28. McGinn T , Bamba A , Balma M . Male knowledge, use and attitudes regarding family planning in Burkina Faso . International Family Planning Perspectives . 1989;15(3):84–88
    • CrossRef
29. For Ghana the eligible ages for male interviewees was 15–59 years; Kenya 20–54; Malawi 20–54; Tanzania 15–60; Morocco 20 years and over.
30. Ezeh AC , Seroussi M , Raggers H . Men's Fertility, Contraceptive Use and Reproductive Preferences . In: Demographic Health Surveys Comparative Studies No 18 . Calverton MD, US: Macro International Inc; 1996;

31. Although involving both sexes, periodic abstinence is viewed here as a male method since it is largely men who exercise control over the frequency of intercourse.

32. Of course, knowledge of a method means only that the person has heard of that method, it does not necessarily imply knowledge of how to use that method or approval of it.

33. It is possible that their higher levels of literacy and access to other media may explain men's apparently high exposure to family planning information. Alternative means of information exchange are the social networks that exist between men, for example, within peer groups, through elders or male siblings, within drinking houses or as part of ceremonies marking the entrance into manhood.

34. Current use of male sterilisation is not included in Table 4 as the figures were so low as to be negligible.
35. Ezeh AC . Prevalence of male contraception . In: Paper presented at Mellon Reproductive Biology Centre Meeting on New Frontiers in Male Contraception . Durham NC, 23–26 April . 1995;
36. Ruttenberg N , Blanc A , Kapiga S . Sexual behaviour, social change and family planning among men and women in Tanzania . Health Transition Review . 1994;4:173–196 (Suppl.)